Microphone specifications can seem technical, but they hold the key to choosing the right tool for your sound. This guide breaks down common specs in plain language—helping you make informed decisions.

Key Specifications Explained:

  1. Frequency Response – The range of sounds a mic can capture (20 Hz–20 kHz for full spectrum). A flat response is neutral; tailored curves boost vocals or instruments.
  2. Sensitivity – How efficiently the mic converts sound to signal. Higher sensitivity (-30 dBV) captures quieter details; lower (-50 dBV) handles loud sources.
  3. Self-Noise – The inherent noise a mic produces (measured in dB-A). Below 15 dB-A is excellent for quiet recording.
  4. Maximum SPL – The loudest sound a mic can handle without distortion. For drums or amplifiers, aim for ≥130 dB.
  5. Polar Pattern – Directional sensitivity:
    • Cardioid – Rejects rear noise (ideal for vocals).
    • Omnidirectional – Captures all directions (ambient miking).
    • Figure-8 – Front and rear pickup (interviews, duets).

How Specs Affect Your Sound:

  • Vocals – Look for a cardioid pattern, smooth midrange response, and low self-noise.
  • Instruments – Match the frequency range (e.g., bright mics for cymbals, warm mics for bass).
  • Live Sound – Prioritize high SPL handling and feedback rejection.

Reading Between the Lines:

  • “Vintage Curve” – Often means a gentle high-end roll-off for smoother tone.
  • “Transformerless” – Typically delivers faster transient response and lower weight.
  • “Multi-Pattern” – Offers flexibility but may compromise slightly on noise performance.

Practical Takeaway:
Specs provide a foundation, but your ears have the final say. Test microphones in context whenever possible—the right mic should capture your sound naturally, without forcing EQ or processing.